Tahap pendirian koperasi

                                    Tahap Pendirian Koperasi

 Tahap pendirian koperasi adalah Kelompok masyarakat yang mempunyai kepentingan ekonomi dan usaha yang sama hal ini merupakan langkah awal  terbentuknya suatu koperasi.  Masyarakat yang seperti itulah yang akan sadar bahwa pentingnya koperasi dalam membantu  perekonomian  mereka .

Secara rinci tahap pendirian koperasi ialah sebagai berikut  :

1.      Dua orang atau lebih bisa menghubungi  kantor koperasi diatas tingkatannya  umunya kantor koperasi tingkat II (kabupaten ) untuk mendapatkan suatu penjelasan awal tata cara pendirian koperasi yang baik dan benar

2.      Prakarsa harus mengajukan proposal tetntang potensi anggota dan potensi di daerah masyarakat tersebut

3.       Atas permohanan nomor 2 pejabat koperasi akan memberikan penyuluhan yang antara lain tentang tata cara pembetukan  koperasi secara baik dan benar

4.       Rapat dan penyuluhan koperasi di harapkan dapat di hadiri oleh semua calon anggota koperasi dan rapat ini di pimpin oleh pemarkasa uang dan akan di damping oleh koperasi yang satu tingkat lebih dari koperasi yang ia dirikan

5.       Sejak rapat anggota tersebut anggota koperasi telah dapat menjalankan aktivitas usahanya

6.       Pengurus koperasi  di wajibkan mengajukan permohonan pengesahaan hukum ke kantor dinas koperasi setempat

7.       Pejabat suku dinas setempat melakuakan verifikasi & penelitian atas kebenaran data yang di ajukan oleh pengurus koperasi yang telah bersangkutan

8.       Untuk koperasi primer / sekunder yang wilayahnya operasinya lebih dari 2 daerah tingkat maka kantor koperasi tingkat 2 menyerahkan ke koperasi tingkat 1

9.       Selanjutnya bila data yang di sampaikan telah sesuai dengan  ketentuan – ketentuan perundangan yang berlaku maka akta badan hukum tersebut di sampaikan kepada  pejabat suku dinas yang terkait.

  Dan ada lagi tahap – tahapan pendirian koperas sebagai berikut :

1. Tahap awal pendirian koperasi

1. Ada kelompok orang-orang yang mempunyai kepentingan yang sama
2. Memiliki suatu tujuan yang sama untuk memperoleh kemudahan dalam usaha dan meningkatkan kesejateraan umum
3. Ada calon anggota sekurang-kurangnya 20 orang yang berada dalam wilayah kerja yang tidak terlalu jauh antara satu anggota dengan anggota lainya
4. Adanya seorang tokoh yang mampu menjadi pelopor pendirian koperasi

2. Tahap persiapan pendirian koperasi

1. Ada prakasa/tokoh dan pelopor pendiri koperasi dan keinginan yang kuat dari masyarakat calon anggota yang direalisasikan dalam bentuk panitia pembentukan pendiri koperasi
2. Mempersiapkan konsep dasar anggaran dasar koperasi, contoh konsep anggaran dasar dapat diminta dari departemen koperasi di daerah setempat.
3. Setelah bahan-bahan dipersiapkan, panitia pendirian koperasi mengundang calon anggota sekelompok orangnya sekurang kurangnya 20 orang, para penjabat pemerintah setempat dan kepala kantor koperasi setempat. Dalam undangan tersebut sudah ditentukan tempat, waktu rapat, dan susunan acara rapat.

3. Pelaksanaan Rapat Pendirian Koperasi
Dalam pelaksanaan rapat pendirian koperasi, minimal harus membahas agenda sebagai berikut.

1. Latar belakang pendirian koperasi
2. Maksud dan tujuan pendirian koperasi
3. Meminta persetujuan pendirian koperasi kepada peserta rapat
4. Perumusan dan penjelasan Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga Koperasi. Dalam anggaran dasar sekurang kurangnya membuat hal-hal, seperti daftar nama pendiri, nama dan tempat kedudukan, maksud dan tujuan bidang usaha, ketentuan menganai keanggotaan, rapat anggota, pengelolaan, permodalan, jangka waktu berdirinya, pembagian sisa hasil usaha, dan mengenai sanksi-sanksi.
5. Penetapan orang-orang yang menandatangani akta pendirian koperasi
6. Pemilihan dan pengangkatan pengurus dan pengawas koperasi

Tugas Bahasa Ingrris2"Softskill" (activity levels in view of the job worker and manager)

JOBS CONDITIONS	WORKER'S RATING	MANAGER'S RATING
full appreciations for work done	dicipline	dicipline
feeling 'in' on things	good working conditions	managemen loyalty to workers
sympathetic understanding of personal problems	good wages	full appreciations for work done
job security	feeling 'in' on things	promotion & growth with company
good wages	job security	sympathetic understanding of personal problems
interesting work	Interesting work	feeling 'in' on things
promotion & growth with company	full apreciations for work done	interesting work
managemen loyalty to workers	promotion & growth with company	good working conditions
good working conditions	managemen loyalty to workers	job security
dicipline	sympathetic understanding of personal problems	good wages

Tugas Tulisan Bahasa Ingrris2"Softskill" (Profile-profile foreign banks in Indonesia)

Citibank :
Citibank, NA, Indonesia Branch ("Citibank") is a branch of Citibank, NA Headquartered in New York, U.S.A. Citigroup Inc. ("Citigroup") fully owns Citibank, NA

We first present in Indonesia in 1918 through its predecessor company, The International Banking Corporation in Batavia and Surabaya. Although the branch was closed in the 1920s, Citibank is back in Jakarta in 1968 and offers a range of banking services.

HSBC Bank :
As a pioneer of modern banking in various regions in Asia, HSBC has a long recorded history in Indonesia, where for more than 123 years HSBC has been serving customers who want to develop trade and investment opportunities. HSBC (formerly known as The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) opened its first Indonesian office in Jakarta (then Batavia) in 1884 to serve the sugar commodity trading is very important. With the development of business activities, in 1896 HSBC opened a branch office in Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia, which is also an important port in the sugar trade. Historical records show that since about the year 1878, HSBC has opened a representative at Semarang, which is an important port to three in Java, which has developed into a full branch in 1994

Deutsche Bank:

Deutsche Bank pertama kali hadir di Indonesia pada tahun 1969 dan memiliki 300 staf profesional di dua cabang, Jakarta dan Surabaya. Deutsche Bank faces up to both the continuities and the interruptions in its history. The bank chronicles its history and makes it subject of independent research, public debate and publications.

The Historical Institute of Deutsche Bank performs the closely allied functions of researching the history of the bank and looking after its historically important collections of source material. The Historical Institute takes a critical look at Deutsche Bank's history, through its own research as well as research under­taken by independent scholars. Since 1961, the bank has maintained its own historical archive, and all material from the pre-1945 era is publicly accessible. Since 1988, one of the focal points of the Historical Institute's research has been on the National Socialist period. A general summary of the history of the bank during the years 1933-1945 written by Harold James.

Tugas artikel ekonomi softskill "bahasa inggris2"

PAPERS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS BUSINESS STRATEGY

This paper focuses on Information Systems and Business Strategy.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND BUSINESS STRATEGY
Strategic information systems, computer systems that are used to change the target level of the organization, operations, products, services, or environmental relationships to help organizations achieve competitive advantage.
Decision of the company's business strategy depends on:

Products and services company dhasilkan
Industry where firms compete
Competitors, suppliers, and customers of the company
Long-term goals of the company

Business level strategy: Value Chain Model
The most common strategy for this level is:

be producing products with low production costs
differentiate products and services
change the scope of the competition either by expanding the market to the global market and to narrow the market.

Value chain model, a model which addresses the primary and support activities that add value to products and services in which the company is best applied information systems to gain a competitive advantage.
Yaituaktivitas primary activity is directly associated with the production and distribution of the company's products or services. While supporting activity is an activity that allows the execution of the primary activity. Consists of organizational infrastructure, human resources, technology, and procurement.
Web refers to the value of customer-controlled network of the company that use information technology to coordinate its value chain in order to collectively produce products or services to market.

Products and Services Information System
Systems that create product differentiation:

Companies can use IT to develop different products.
Creating brand loyalty by developing new and unique products and services
Products and services not easily duplicated by competitors. For example, Dell Corporation.

System that supports Niche Markets
Intensive analysis using customer data to support new ways of contacting and serving customers that allows to develop new niche markets for specific products or services. For example, frequent guest program Wyndam Hotel

Supply Chain Management and Efficient Customer Response System
The system connects to the corporate value chain value chain of suppliers and consumers. System that directly connects back to the distributor of consumer behavior, production, and supply chain. Example: Wal-Mart purchasing directly connect customers to the suppliers almost immediately. suppliers work to ensure the product is delivered to the store to replace the product purchased.

IT at the organizational level is used to avoid the shift of consumers to other suppliers and bind them to the company. Replacement cost is the cost incurred by the customer or the company for the time and resources are wasted when switching from one supplier or system to system supplier or competitor. For example, Baxter International.

Tugas percakapan softskill "bahasa inggris2"

In a company there are an employee named Tomi, Tomi want to submit resignation to her boss to her three times.
but fortunately his boss did not allow him to resign from the company. Her boss a precondition to Tom before he resigned from the company. Tomi one morning to see it named Hans in his room.

Tomi: good morning sir Hans
Hans: yes good morning, what you see me in the morning like this?
Tomi: I want to talk about something to father
Hans: You want to talk about what to me?
Tomi: already the third time I would like to submit my resignation pack
Hans: ohh, sorry about that my resignation can not meet her before you complete the task of my
Tomi: what kind of job you want to give to me?
Hans: I want you to improve your performance over the past two weeks, and give something that is best at this company
Tomi: When I was able to meet this requirement may I do the resignation of the company?
Hans: Well if you can meet all of my requirements you may submit resignation from this company
Tomi: Okay sir I will do it in earnest
Hans: let me wait for the results later
Tomi: yes sir, thank you
Hans: yes is equally

Tugas Pengantar Manajemen 2

Pak Dwi adalah salah satu seorang pedangang mie ayam keliling yang selalu berjualan di sekitar komplek perumahan Griya timur Indah setiap siang dan sore hari. Pak Dwi memupunyai keinginan dan kegigihan yang besar dalam berjualan mie ayam,karena hasil dari penjualan mie ayam di pakai untung menafkahi keluarganya,dan juga untuk biaya anak-anak nya sekolah. Pak Dwi hanya lulusan SD (sekolah Dasar) saja oleh karena itu dia berdagang mie ayam,karena hanya dengan mengandalkan ijasah SD saja sangat sulit untuk mencari pekerjaan yang layak.

          Pak Dwi berjualan mie ayam lantaran kesulitan dalam mencari pekerjaan. Dia tidak mau hanya berdiam diri saja dan tidak melakukan apa-apa. Karena tekad nya yang kuat untuk menghidupi dan membiayai anak-anak nya untuk sekolah maka pak Dwi berusaha untuk menjadi tukang Mie ayam. Dan pada akhirnya dia bisa mewujudkan tekad nya itu. Pak Dwi sebagai tukang mie ayam juga mempunyai misi dan visi dalam berjualanya:

Visi:

1.Pak Dwi bertekad untuk mempunyai tempat usaha sendiri untuk daganganya

2.Menjadi penjual mie ayam

                 yang terkenal di Bekasi,dan menjadi penjual yang jujur

Misi:

1.membuat kreasi baru dalam perdagangan mie ayam

2.menjadi pengusaha mie ayam yang baik dan juga jujur

3.Menjaga cita rasa dagangan mie ayam nya dalam memenuhi kepuasa konsumen

4.menjaga kebersihan tempat maupun kualitas daganganya

Keputusan-keputusan:

1. 1.      Pak gusan memilih jenis usaha yang benar karena pak gusan hanya lulusan SD saja, dan untungnya pak gusan memilii keahlian dalam membuat bakso
2. 2.      Pak gusan memilih lokasi yang benar karena dia berjualan dilingkungan komplek yang ramai

Sales promotion conversation

sales promotion conversation

Introduction of Goods:
A: sales promotion.hai sir i want to offer goods
B: What material?
A: I want to offer a fan
B: What kind of fan is that?
A: Fans are multi-functional
B: what are the advantages of this fan?

Physical descriptors Goods:
A: This fan is very useful for owners
B: for example, what are they?
A: This fan electricity cost efficient, environmentally friendly, charming appearance
B: What else besides kelebihanya?
A: The display can be turned into small or large, and can also be put on the wall
B: This fan is also interesting, if I may know how to get it?

explanation of purchase
A: You may have to pay in full or by credit
B: what if I have to pay off?
A: This fan pack for only Rp750.000
B: If the credit?
A: cicilanya 100,000 for 8 months

Ratification of the purchase
B: Well kalu so I took a course Lunas
A: OK then let you come with me to the office for his payment
B: well then mistress

Points in running Economic action

PRICE

Relation of Cost to Price

Each supply managers believe suppliers should establish a fair price. A fair price is the lowest price to ensure a sustainable supply of good quality where and whenever needed.
The price is fair for the seller on an item may be higher than the fair price for items other substitution: Second chances "fair price" buyers as far as care, and the buyer may pay the price both at the same time.

Meaning of Cost

Kos is defined only direct labor and material costs, and depressed business conditions, the seller will probably only cover the amount rather than not sell them all. Or boarding may mean direct labor and material costs with contributions overhead. If the cost of some items into the overhead, whether this will be the ultimate cost to the actual interest rate, or is charged at an average interest rate? The average interest rate may be far from the actual interest rate.

There are two classifications of costs, namely direct and indirect.
Direct costs are usually defined as something specific and accurate attached to units of production, ie, direct materials, such as 10 pounds of steel, or direct labor ¸ like 30 minutes when people are on a machine or assembly lines.
Indirect costs are an inside operation of the production plant or process, but normally can not be linked directly to the various production units.
Classification of costs into variable category, semivariabel, and still is common in the practice of accounting and analysis required for various price / cost relationship meaningful. Most direct costs are variable costs because they change directly and proportionately units produced.
Semivariabel costs may change with the number of units produced but partially variable and partially fixed. Fixed costs generally there regardless of the number of units produced.

How Supplier Establish Price
There are two traditional methods ie the cost approach and the market approach.
The Cost Approach. Cost approach to pricing stated the price was supposed to be a certain amount via direct costs, following a small contribution to cover indirect costs and overhead and left a certain margin for profit.
The Market Approach. Approach implies that market prices are determined by market and may not be directly related to the cost.
Type of Purchase
Analysis of supplier costs are by no means simply based on price determination. What other meaning can be used? Much depends on the type of product purchased. There are seven general classes:
Raw Material. This group includes the commonly called sensitive commodities, such as copper, wheat and crude oil, but also steel, cement, and others.
Special items. This group includes items and special materials for the product line organization and custom orders.
Standard production items. This group includes several items such as bolts and nuts, some form of commercial steel, valves, and pipes, which stabilized prices and quotas based on "price list with some discount".
Items of small value. This group includes items of little comparative value of the expenditures of the various efforts to check prices prior to purchase.
Capital goods. Item purchase is counted as capital asset and expense through depreciation, rather than a burden through the time of purchase or use.
Services. This category is very broad and includes various types of services, bleak advertising, auditing, consulting, architectural design, legal, insurance, etc..
Resale. This category is divided into two groups, namely (a) Items that are formed in the production of in-house but have now outsourced to suppliers and taken to refine. (B) Items sold in the retail sector, such as the clothing line sold in department stores.
The Use of Quotations and Competitive Bidding

Quotations are usually protects when the size of the proposed commitment exceeds the minimum dollar amount, for example, $ 1,000.

The first step is to choose a supplier that allows anyone to claim from quotation is to apply these, in fact, to do the filtering of sources for supply. It is assumed that the bidder must (1) meet the qualifications to make the item in question in accordance with the buyer's specifications and approval to deliver the critical time, (2) sufficiently reliable to warrant serious as a supplier agreement, (3) fairly well in ensuring price competitive, but (4) does not exceed required.

Bidding Firm

The reason for the friendly treatment of the information that the offering price is related to a problem in practice where all sellers have faces, names, that "firm bid". Many companies have rules to notify the supplier that the original proposal had been completed and revisions are not allowed in the shared state.

Determination of Most Advantageous Bid

Typically, analysis sheet used to prepare a bid offer from all suppliers and examine each offer, or offers seen electronically in real time during the auction online.
However, there are some cases where the lowest bidder may not receive the order. Information received by the buyer to offer to request may indicate that firms with low bids are not reliable. Even the lowest bid might be higher than what buyers believe.

Collusive Bidding

Buyers also may reject all offers if it indicates that suppliers colluded with each other. In some cases, the rules to catch a sting difficult to determine, but there is a miraculous possibilities. Possible legal action but rarely viable because of the burden, delay, and uncertainty of outcome. Another possibility is to find a new source of supply between the inside and outside areas where buyers can purchase custom materials or services.

Tugas pengantar manajemen "hasil pengamatan toko"

                                           Toko Jersey

Jersey clothing merupakan sebuah toko yang menjual baju dan juga kaso atau jersey sepak bola.Dia juga menjual alat”perlengkapan seprti sarung tangan,kaus kaki dan juga peralatan aksesoris pemain bola lainya. Di took ini juga sering mengadakan diskon untuk hari”besar atau hari perayaan lainya. Pelayananya pun juga sangat memuaskan.

Lingkungan di sekitar toko ini adalah sebuah  toko yang menjual sepatu dan peralatan sekolah,ada juga warnet,warung makan,toko jersey ini terletak  di lokasi yang sangat strategis karena berada di samping atau di pinggir jalan raya dan juga di dekat perumahan elit yaitu di jalan raya mutiara gading timur.jadi cukup efisien untuk mendapatkan keuntungan.

Lingkungan yang tidak ada disana adalah pengamanan yang kurang memadai karena berada di samping pinggir jalan persis.

Di bidang eksternal:
1.       1  Peluang
 Lokasi yang sangat strategis,sengat memungkinkan untuk meraup keuntungan yang lebih     besar.Kesempatan memperbesar usaha sangat memungkinkan.
1.       2  Ancaman
   Ke amanan yang kurang terjamin karena sering terjadi tindak kejahatan seperti pencopetan dan lain    sebagainya.

Di bidan internal:
1.       1  kekuatan
 Toko jersey ini memiliki pelanggan yang sudah menjadi langganan tiap harinya karena berada di dekat perumahan yang elit dan juga berada di pinggir jalan jadi lebih mudah untuk transportasi ke took ini. Dan juga took ini dekat dengan warung makan dan juga berada di sebelah took peralatan lainya,jadi apabila pelanggan lain kurang puas dengan fasilitas/pelayaan di toko yang berada di sekitarnya jadi pelanggan lain pindah ke toko ini.

1.        2  Kelamahan
        Kelemahan dari toko ini adalah barang yang di inginkan pelanggan cepat habis/laku. Kurangnya stock   dari pemasok yang ada.